Birds – Page 5 – David Bradley

Attracting birds to your garden

TL:DR – Advice on how to improve your chances of attracting birds to your garden.

Sciencebase reader Michelle messaged to ask how she might attract more birds to her garden. There are plenty of things she can try to see more of our feathered friends on her patch. Some things will have an almost immediate effect others might take a little longer. The rewards are always worth the effort to see the variety and numbers of birds that can appear. I have an article about the birds you might see in an English country garden. Here’s my garden tick list.

What to do

The most obvious thing to do is to ask what the birds need and then try to fulfill those needs: water, food, shelter/cover, somewhere to nest.

So, you could put out a couple of shallow, but wide, bowls and fill them with water. One could be at ground level another on a stand. Of course, there are plenty of birdbaths of different kinds to be bought at garden centres or online. A more ambitious approach might be to dig a wildlife pond, stock it with a few native pond plants and let it thrive (avoid using a pump, don’t add fish). Birds need water to drink and to bathe and it’s always a treat to see them doing so. It’s a good idea to clean birdbaths and bowls and to refresh the water often. Birds are not particularly hygienic and will often leave poop in the water, which can spread disease to other birds.

Brambling Titchwell feeder — Brambling on a feeder

Bird food is the next easy way to attract birds. There is a massive variety of feeders and food available for garden birds. I’ve found that it can take a week or more for birds to find a new feeder, but other people tell me birds are drawn immediately as soon as they hang one out even if they have never done so before.

Feeders designed for particular foods are usually needed. Suet and seed balls (great for Blackbirds, Blue Tits, Great Tits, Cole Tits, Robins, Starlings, overwintering Blackcaps). Nyjer seeds and a feeder that mimics a plant seed head will be a draw for Goldfinch and perhaps even Redpoll.

Black sunflower seeds (husk still on) need a strong bill and will tend to be eaten by Greenfinch and Goldfinch but sunflower hearts (dehusked) can be eaten by a wide range of additional species. Peanuts also need a special feeder that forces Blue Tits and others to break off tiny pieces of nut rather than grabbing a whole nut that might choke them or a chick. It’s important to use good quality peanuts sold for birds to avoid feeding them peanuts with toxic and cancer-causing black moulds.

Dried mealworms are tasty and attract different species. You can put them in a hanging feeder or on a ground feeder (use a refuge if there are cats that visit your garden or you have a dog). Products such as “Flutter Butter” come with special wall- or post-mounted dispensers and encourage birds to stay at the feeding station as they cannot easily grab a morsel and fly off to a tree to eat it.

Longer-term plans might involve that pond or if you haven’t already got native bushes and trees in your garden think about planting some. I’d be keen to plant bushes that produce lots of berries to provide a winter food supply for Blackbirds, Mistle Thrushes and visiting Fieldfares and Redwings. Also, let any ivy go to flower (attracts lots of insects) and produce berries (again, feeds those birds in the winter). The bushes and trees in your garden provide shelter and potential nest sites for a wide variety of species as well as hosting insects.

Adding a couple of strategically placed bird boxes also gives the birds another reason to visit your garden. They need to be placed fairly high up on a post or tree in a relatively small garden and generally have a line of sight from a post or tree opposite and several metres away if possible. If you have large windows, consider adding some decals, perhaps bird-shaped stickers, to the windows to help flying birds see that there is an obstacle and so avoid collisions with the glass. I wrote about Wood Pigeons leaving behind a powder down imprint on our windows back in 2017. Look into installing swift boxes or swift bricks too and perhaps adding a squealer to attract the birds arriving in the spring.

What NOT to do

A couple of things not to do. Don’t hang or install shiny, moving ornaments that glint and shimmer in the sun, these might shock easily startled birds and discourage them from enjoying your garden.

Also, don’t trim and prune too hard, in fact, don’t tidy your garden too well. If you leave the bushes and trees to grow a little wild and allow wildflowers (weeds!) to show through, you will encourage insects and that means an additional food source for the birds in terms of the adults and their larvae and caterpillars.

I’d also avoid pesticides and herbicides, these are generally easily avoidable in a small garden. Also, don’t put down ant powder or ant traps in the garden, ants are the staple food of Green Woodpeckers (yaffles). If there are no ants in your garden, you’re unlikely to see that bird visit.

I don’t recommend scattering bread or other cooked products for birds in your garden and no bacon rind. These are generally too high in sugar and salt for birds to cope and can also attract rats.

If you notice birds looking ill or with lumps on their heads or bodies, it’s a good idea to remove all feeders, discard uneaten contents, wash thoroughly in soapy hot water and leave them to dry. Don’t put the feeders out again for a couple of weeks so that the diseased birds might disperse.

Don’t use Astroturf and don’t pave over or gravel too much of your patch.

More on ponds

Your garden wildlife pond can be as ambitious as you like, but you can also create a great micro ecosystem using a half barrel or a Belfast sink. You might need to line them, you can sink them into the ground or leave them free standing. Let them fill with rainwater and then get some native pond plants (it’s best not to acquire materials from other garden ponds to avoid sharing disease).

Put some pots or stones within strategically placed to allow any frogs that turn up to easily get in and out and to avoid trapping hedgehogs that wander in. Terracing and shelving is essential for a full-size pond in this regard too.

An additional thought about ponds is to create a spillover area behind your point that will provide a permanently muddy patch, this will provide habitat for plants and organisms that favour something in between dry land and deep water. Again, increased natural diversity for the sake of the wildlife and for your own interest is the aim.

Overwintering

TL:DR – I wrote about bird migration and so I thought I’d write a poem about it too.

I have a post in which I discuss the intriguing and changing migratory behaviour of the Blackcap, Sylvia atricapilla. For several years, we have seen this species spend the winter in our garden. One year we had a male and a female.

The likelihood is that these birds flew from their summer breeding grounds in southern Germany and instead of reaching Iberia or North West Africa they got slightly lost and ended up in Old Blighty…England. It’s been happening like this for a couple of decades at least.

The male that overwintered with us 22/23 has departed and soon the Blackcaps that migrate from sub-Saharan Africa will arrive in our woodlands to breed in the summer.

Anyway, I wrote a poem for Sylvia.

An overwintering poem for Sylvia, the Blackcap

Overwintering

She came in from the East. Her compass quite askew
Should’ve spent the winter in Iberia, but Old Blighty will have to do
Her chestnut cap is fluffed up. And her buff breast is scruffy too
Those chilly winds chill the feast, there’s nothing else that she can do

but peck at firethorn berries behind sparrows in the queue
And sulk among the mistletoe. Till Christmas takes its due
This land beyond the floodlands, with a date she’ll take in lieu
No nest, no mate. No direction yet, a Blackcap looking blue

When seasons change, they’ll send her back to the place where once she flew
And with the spring and high on life, she’ll bid us all adieu
Then find a mate, and build a nest for now she takes her cue
She’ll live her life and raise her brood with not a thought for you

But the world will turn and the winds will change as always they will do
Bring her back to Old Blighty. Yet, with no different a point of view
She’ll sulk and peck at mistletoe. The winter she’ll see through
And bravely hide from Easterlies, there’s nothing else that she can do

–David Bradley

Why do some moths have eyes on their wings?

TL:DR – A few examples of plants and animals that use disguises.

Lots of animals and even plants have evolved to have a visual resemblance to other organisms. The flowers of the Bee Orchid as the name would suggest look like female bees and as such attract roving male bees who alight on the “female” hoping that they’ve found a mate. In so doing, they inadvertently pick up pollen from the male part of the flower and this is transferred to female parts of the next “mate”, thus pollinating the plants.

Bee Orchid closeup — Bee Orchid complete with fur and pollen sacks

There is a bird that has evolved to look like a snake and so ward off predators. Indeed, not only does it look like a snake when it postures defensively, but it writhes around so that its head really does look like a snake about to pounce.

Among the lepidoptera, the moths and butterflies, there are so many disguises it is hard to know where to start. The Bufftip moth resembles a piece of snapped of birch twig while the unrelated Buff Arches resembles a piece of flint on a stony woodland floor.

Buff Arches moth resembles a chunk of flint

There are so many examples of this faking it camouflage among the Lepidoptera. Perhaps the most obvious examples of this pareidolia are among the species that have “eyes” (ocelli, singular ocellus) on their wings. The European Peacock, for example, roosts with wings closed. The dark undersides are sufficient disguise in the dingy nook of a tree during hibernation but if disturbed it flashes its eyes, which to a bird or other predator look shockingly like a big face staring back, the face of an animal that might fight back rather than a gentle butterfly.

Dark undersides of Peacock butterfly wings

The Emperor moth also has four eyes but does not have the advantage of being able to fold its wings flat against each other. When disturbed or agitated it opens out its wings to reveal four scary eyes staring back at a predator.

The staring "face" of an Emperor moth at rest — The staring “face” of an Emperor moth at rest

However, even at rest with its forewings covering its hindwings the Emperor is always watchful. Indeed, if one imagines a predator flying into to check out tasty morsels on the heather, it will be shocked to see something resembling a predator staring back at it!

Trip to Teesdale

TL:DR – Brief spot of garden birding with friends in Teesdale and some sightseeing.

We spent a lovely couple of days with wonderful friends at their place in Teesdale…unfortunately I’ve been struggling to walk with an ankle injury so the usual long country walks and sightseeing were off the agenda, but we did get to toddle around the fabulous Bowes Museum in Barnard Castle and to sample some local ale at the local pub for local people (and their friends).

Through-window shot of male Great Spotted Woodpecker

Our friends had also arranged a fabulous selection of birds to use their garden bird feeders while we were there: Brambling, Nuthatch, Coal Tit, Great Spotted Woodpecker (M+F), Redpoll, Goldfinch, Long-tailed Tit, Great Tit, Blue Tit, Dunnock, Robin, Chaffinch, Jackdaw, Rook (either or both of which repeatedly knocked the feeders on to the lawn), Blackbird, House Sparrow, Starling (mainly in the trees not on the feeders); also Chiff Chaff calling from one of their trees. Didn’t see Tawny Owl on this visit.

Typical Teesdale — Teesdale village view

The Tees at Barnard Castle was too rough and high within my walking range to catch sight of Dippers or wagtails fishing this time, but there were Mallard ducklings on the foamy banks and a solitary Whooper Swan looking rather out of place below the castle ruins.

One of very few authentic French Art Deco pieces in a public British collection. This by Jacques Gruber — Art Deco stained glass window by Jacques Gruber held at The Bowes Museum

The pseudo chateau of The Bowes Museum, Barnard Castle — The Bowes Museum, Barnard Castle

The Butterbur, Petasites hybridus — Butterbur on the banks of The Tees

Yellow mallard/hybrid duckling on the Tees — Yellow hybrid Mallard duckling on the Tees

Solitary Whooper Swan, Cygnus cygnus, on the Tees at Barnard Castle — Solitary Whooper Swan, Barnard Castle

Common Redpoll photographed through a kitchen window — Redpoll photographed through the kitchen window

Teesdale chicken — Gallus gallus domesticus

Alpine Swifts in the UK and Ireland

TL:DR – The bird report pages noted what seemed to be quite an unusual number of Alpine Swifts across the UK during March 2023.

Back in 2019, we took a trip to Greece, the first in many years, we saw lots of wildlife, including Alpine Swift, Tachymarptis melba, careening way above our heads in Athens.

The alpine swift is a medium-sized bird with a wingspan of around 540-600 mm. It has a dark-brown body with a slightly paler throat and underbelly. In flight, it is easily identified by its long, narrow wings and its distinctive white belly patch, which contrasts sharply with the dark body. It is a skilled and agile flier, capable of catching insects on the wing with great precision. Indeed, it rarely touches down, spending almost its whole life, once fledged on the wing, except perhaps when incubating eggs in their nests. It will only very rarely land on the ground.

Alpine Swifts flying against a blue sky above central Athens, 2019 — Alpine Swifts

During the breeding season, which typically runs from May to August, Alpine Swifts build their nests in crevices and holes in the rocky cliffs and mountainsides of southern Europe to the Himalaya. They use their saliva to glue together small twigs and feathers, forming a shallow, cup-shaped nest. The female lays a clutch of 2-3 eggs, both parents take turns to incubate the eggs for around three weeks.

After the breeding season, the Alpine Swift migrates south to spend the winter in sub-Saharan Africa. They are known for their long-distance flights and are capable of covering up to 1000 km in a 24-hour period. They will return to the same nest sites year after year.

As I was writing this, yet another “ping” came in on my rare bird sightings app to alert me to another Alpine Swift having been spotted in the UK. It’s March 2023. Quite early for the Common Swift, which we always see in the UK each summer. Alpine Swifts though? Very unusual. They have been sighted in numerous places in the UK and Ireland this spring.

Sightings have been reported since mid-March this year in the following counties: Antrim, Armagh, Cheshire, Cork, Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Down, Dublin, Dumfries & Galloway, East Sussex, Essex, Forth, Glamorgan, Gloucestershire, Isle of Man, Isle of Wight, Kent, Leitrim, Lincolnshire, London, Lothian, Mayo, Norfolk, Northumberland, Pembrokeshire, Somerset, Waterford, Wicklow, Yorkshire.

The early reports were marked as “notable” rather than “mega”. In 2022, there was just one noted in March, although later in the year a few others were sighted. Similarly for previous years. So, while I admit, I’d not known about their habits this far north and west of southern Europe, it does seem that a large number have appeared in British and Irish skies very early in the spring this year.

One cannot make generalisations about animal behaviour based on data from a single year, of course. However, the appearance of Alpine Swifts in numbers, this early in the year, suggests something may have changed for them this period. It could simply be changes in weather patterns and wind currents, whether or not those are due to climate change is a different matter. It is known that Alpine Swifts to range quite widely during their migration so maybe this is not an aberration at all and just a reversion to a pattern they followed some time in the distant past.

Stephen Moss discussed the recent irruption of Alpine Swifts in The Guardian some time after my original post and alluded to the fact that because of climate change, this species may well begin breeding in the UK at some point in the next few years, if it hasn’t already done so.

A foreboding of petrels

TL:DR – The problem of deteriorating plastic waste at sea and how it attracts birds to eat it when they really shouldn’t.

I have just finished reading the latest novel in Steve Burrows’ series of “birder murder” stories. This one was called A Foreboding of Petrels and hinges on apparently unconnected murders on the North Norfolk coast and at an environmental research station in The Antarctic.

The plot of the novel alludes to the Storm Petrel, perhaps the world’s most abundant avian species. It and related species have an incredibly sensitive sense of smell and can detect keystone odourant molecules on the wind. Compounds such as dimethyl sulfide (DMS) are released into atmosphere when other organisms are feasting on algae for instance. The compound thus attracts the predators to the places where their prey are themselves feasting.

A fulmar in flight against a rocky backdrop — The Fulmar is one of the procellariiforms, a group that also includes the petrels

The novel alludes to plastic waste in the oceans and how the combination of algal growth on that plastic waste coupled with degradation of the plastic through the action of seawater and sunlight could lead to the release of the same odourant molecules that attract these birds and lead to them ingesting plastic rather than prey. This is obviously detrimental to the birds’ health. Numerous studies discuss this possibility and provide evidence to support the hypothesis.

DMS carried on the oceanic wind attracts predators, such as petrels, albatrosses, and fulmars, to food sources, and in the modern age, unfortunately, plastic waste. This chemical confusion is seemingly leading some pelagic bird species to ingest a lot of potentially lethal plastic waste instead of food.

Whooper Swans spread their wings thanks to nature reserves

TL:DR – Even small wetland nature reserves could help boost Whooper Swan wintering populations in the UK.

A new study has shown that protected wildlife areas are crucial for the survival of Whooper Swans, a species of migratory bird. These protected areas are important for species conservation, but it has been uncertain how effective they are when species move between protected and nonprotected areas throughout their lives. The research, conducted by Stuart Bearhop, Richard Sherley, and their colleagues, analyzed data on more than 10,000 Whooper Swans (Cygnus cygnus, also known as the Common Swan) over 30 years at 22 different sites in the UK, three of which are managed as nature reserves.

The study found that although Whooper Swans (pronounced hooper, silent W) were less likely to breed when wintering inside nature reserves than outside of them, their survival rate for all ages was significantly higher and their population growth rates were 30 times higher inside the reserves compared to outside of them. The researchers also noted that there was a net movement of Whooper Swans from nature reserves to areas that were less protected than reserves.

whooper swan

It’s worth adding that the Whoopers we see in England will have migrated from Iceland, Scandinavia, and elsewhere and will head back each spring to their breeding grounds in the far north. There is no expectation that this species, nor the closely related Bewick’s Swan (Cygnus bewickii) would breed on our wetland nature reserves.

The study’s population models projected that the protective effects of nature reserves could double the population of Whooper Swans wintering in the UK by 2030. The authors emphasized that even if protected nature reserves are relatively small and only used for a part of a species’ life cycle, they can still have a significant impact on the populations of migratory bird species that live in them.

These findings highlight the importance of protecting wildlife areas and managing them effectively to support the survival of migratory birds like the Whooper Swan.

There are commonly several hundred Whooper Swans on our patch each winter and thousands slightly farther north.

A Brecon Beacon of light in the winter

TL:DR – The Brecon Beacons are a delightful place to visit any time of year, but a winter visit is magical when the sun shines on snowy caps.

Just back from a lovely trip to the Brecon Beacons in Cymru to stay with friends. Didn’t do as much walking as we normally would because I have an obstinate ankle injury. It was a bit awkward getting into stable positions to photograph wildlife or indeed anything else, but I had a go, as you do.

Snow-capped views of Pen y Fan and Corn Du as seen from our friends' back garden - what a view! — Snow-capped views of Pen y Fan and Corn Du as seen from our friends’ back garden – what a view!

European Dipper, Cinclus cinclus, perched on a mossy stump. The Dipper is so-called because of its bobbing action when perched like this or on a rock, although it also dips its head under water to hunt invertebrates, fish, and amphibia for food, diving in and swimming with its wings underwater.

Grey Wagtail, Motacilla cinerea, perched a branch overhanging the River Usk between Trallong and Penpont, South Wales

Flyfisher on the River Usk between Trallong and Penpont, South Wales

If you’re ever in the area and unable to scale the peaks and you’re into beer and music, then it’s definitely worth visiting the Antur microbrewery in Three Cocks, Haystacks Music and the Wye Fret guitar shop in Hay-on-Wye. The Gwernyfed Walled Garden (also in Three Cocks) and Hay Castle, obviously also in Hay, are worth a visit too.

I asked ChatGPT to tell me more about the Brecon Beacons, here’s what it had to say, lightly edited:

The Brecon Beacons is a mountainous region in South Wales that offers a unique blend of rugged natural beauty and fascinating history. This stunning area is located in the southern part of the country and is a popular destination for outdoor enthusiasts and history buffs alike.

The Brecon Beacons is a range of mountains that is part of the larger Brecon Beacons National Park. The park covers an area of over 500 square miles and is home to some of the most breathtaking scenery in the United Kingdom. The highest peak in the Brecon Beacons is Pen y Fan [picture above], which stands at 2,907 feet and offers stunning views of the surrounding landscape.

The geological history of the Brecon Beacons is as fascinating as its natural beauty. The mountains were formed during the Carboniferous period, around 350 million years ago, when the region was covered by a shallow sea. Over time, the sea receded, leaving behind layers of sediment that were eventually compressed into the rock formations we see today.

The Brecon Beacons are also home to a variety of wildlife, including Red Kites, otters, and badgers. The area is also home to several rare plant species, such as the purple saxifrage and the lady’s slipper orchid (successfully reintroduced after it was lost to the area).

For those interested in history, the Brecon Beacons has a rich and fascinating past. The area was once home to numerous Iron Age hillforts, including the impressive fort at Pen y Crug. The region also played an important role in the Roman occupation of Britain, with several forts and roads still visible today.

One of the most impressive historical sites in the Brecon Beacons is the ruined castle at Carreg Cennen. The castle was built in the 13th century and was once a stronghold for the Welsh princes. Today, visitors can explore the castle ruins and enjoy the spectacular views of the surrounding countryside.

In addition to its natural beauty and historical sites, the Brecon Beacons is also a popular destination for outdoor activities such as hiking, rock climbing, and mountain biking. The area is crisscrossed with numerous hiking trails, ranging from easy walks to challenging multi-day hikes.

For those interested in exploring the area on two wheels, there are several mountain biking trails that offer a thrilling ride through the mountains. Rock climbers will also find plenty of challenges in the Brecon Beacons, with several world-class climbing spots located throughout the area.

If you have your sights on the stars, it’s worth noting that the Brecon Beacons has a Dark Sky Reserve status, making it an ideal destination for stargazing enthusiasts and amateur astronomers.

In conclusion, the Brecon Beacons is a stunning mountainous region that offers something for everyone. Whether you’re interested in exploring its natural beauty, delving into its rich history, or seeking outdoor adventure, the Brecon Beacons is a destination that should not be missed. So pack your bags and come discover this mountainous gem.

Birding and wording

TL:DR – An answer to the question why are so many science writers also birders?

Someone on social media asked me as a science writer why so many science writers are also birders. My initial thoughts were as follows: Well, to be a science writer, I think you have to be curious, analytical, interested in lots of stuff…a polymath. Birds are interesting, identification requires analysis, writing about them is fun and if you’re a togger [birder-photographer], you always have a decent photo to illustrate your article.

Wind-blown Short-eared Owl perched on a fence post — Short-eared Owl

One possible explanation for the prevalence of birding among science writers is the concept of “flow.” Flow is a state of deep engagement and enjoyment that occurs when a person is fully absorbed in an activity that is challenging but also within their skill level. Birding can be a highly immersive activity that requires focus, attention to detail, and knowledge of ecology and behaviour. Science writing also demands a similar level of engagement and attention to detail. Thus, individuals who enjoy birding may be drawn to science writing because it provides a similar experience of flow. [In my case, I’d say it was the reverse, I was drawn to birding, because I had a scientific mind and was a science writer and wanted an additional creative outlet].

Another possible explanation is that birding can serve as a form of “nature therapy” that provides mental health benefits. Research has shown that spending time in nature can reduce stress, improve mood, and increase creativity. Science writing can be a demanding and intellectually stimulating profession, and birding may provide a healthy balance by allowing individuals to connect with nature and recharge their mental batteries.

Red Kite flying against a blue sky — Red Kite

Finally, it’s possible that there is simply a correlation between the personality traits that make someone a good science writer and those that make someone interested in birding. For example, curiosity, attention to detail, and a broad range of interests are all traits that are valued in both professions. Additionally, both birding and science writing are activities that can be pursued alone or in groups, providing opportunities for social interaction and a sense of belonging. [I definitely think of myself as a wannabe polymath, hence my “songs, snaps, science” motif].

Overall, while there is no definitive answer to why so many science writers are also birders, it’s likely that a combination of these factors plays a role. Regardless of the reason, it’s clear that the intersection of birding and science writing provides a rich and fascinating field of exploration.

Knots landing again

TL:DR – Tens of thousands of Knot murmurate over The Wash visible from the north Norfolk and Lincolnshire coasts.

We spent the night in North Norfolk, tried to have an early night at a cheap hotel, and were up well before dawn to get to Knots Landing (RSPB Snettisham). We hoped to be in plenty of time for the high tide and the potential for a Wader Spectacular. We, and dozens of other green-clad, enthusiasts were not disappointed.

The weather was damp and drizzly and very cold and we got soaked through, but we witnessed tens of thousands of Knot (Calidris canutus) murmurating over the advancing tide as we headed for the landing site.

Most have at this point already been pushed off the deluged mudflats of The Wash, their low-tide feeding grounds, and into the air. Within minutes, the murmurs flood the banks of the inland lagoons with birds crammed tightly together to ride out the high tide. They wait patiently for a distant trigger that calls them once the ebbing tide retreats along the muddy shoreline.

Flocking Knot looking like a live Escher etching

As the tide turns, they flock back to sea, murmurating along the way – strength in numbers – to confuse any preying Peregrines. Ultimately, the seem lost to the waves but are merely gone from view.

This is not the first time we’ve seen the Knot murmurations, although it is the first time we’ve made a special trip to catch them at a dawn high tide. We visit the area often and have seen these wondrous flocks on numerous occasions and caught one wader spectacular just as the sun was setting a few years ago. Always amazing to watch the sun set over the sea when one is ostensibly on England’s east coast. You’ll have to look at the map for Snettisham, Norfolk to see how that can be. (Video from 2018 visit here).

Knot crammed together to find refuge on the banks of the lagoon at Snettisham to escape the high tide — Knot crammed together find refuge on the banks of the lagoon at Snettisham to escape the high tide

The bird’s name comes from the name of the King who demonstrated his fallibility to his subjects by failing to turn back the tide – King Cnut – better known to us Brits as King Canute. The bird’s scientific name is Calidris canutus. Kalidris, or skalidris, was a word used by Aristotle to describe various grey-coloured shore birds, waders. The (Red) Knot, C. canutus, is the “type species” of the genus, although unusually does not have a tautonym (it would have been Calidris calidris).

Knot heading back out to sea with a few Godwits along for the ride

Meanwhile, on the same trip taking in a visit to nearby RSPB Titchwell we also clocked Avocet, Bar-tailed Godwit, Black-headed Gull, Black-tailed Godwit, Brent Geese, Chaffinch, Common Gull, Cormorant, Curlew, Dunlin, Gadwall, Golden Plover, Goldfinch, Great Black-backed Gull, Grey Plover, Greylag Geese, Herring Gull, Lapwing, Linnet, Mallard, Marsh Harrier, Meadow Pipit, Mediterranean Gull, Mute Swan, Peregrine Falcon, Pintail, Redshank, Red Kite, Reed Bunting, Robin, Sanderling, Shelduck, Shoveller Duck, Skylark, Snipe, Spoonbill, Teal, Turnstone, Water Pipit, Wigeon, Wren, and others.

One of a couple of Snipe feeding at RSPB Titchwell