Intelligent materials protect sports lovers

An intelligent plastic that is so flexible when left to its own devices while flow like a very slow moving liquid, but hit it with a hammer and the intelligent molecules form which it is made stiffen up instantaneously and absorb the energy of the blow. Such a polymer has been incorporated into textiles and clothing to create lightweight and flexible body armour for high-impact sports and other activities to save users from serious impact injuries. The polymer and textile-embedded material was the brainchild of UK company d3o, which has recently worked with a sports clothing manufacturer to develop a range of protective gear.

There was a video that demonstrated how to protect a falling egg using this material. This would make an excellent science fair project: compare different packaging materials for protecting eggs – cardboard, polycarbonate, d30 intelligent material. Unfortunately, the vid is no longer available.

The smart material is made up of a matrix of polymers with tiny pockets filled with a fluid. In normal wear, the material moves freely with your body movements but if you take a dive, the intelligent molecules in the fluid stiffen in less than a thousandth of a second, which makes them absorb the energy of the impact It works because under normal conditions, the polymer molecules move and slide across each other, but when they are put under rapid shear stress in an impact, for instance, the polymer molecules immediately form cross-links with one another and the material stiffens to take the brunt of the impact. Once the force is removed, the polymer cross-links are disengaged by further low force movements and the material reverts to its flexible state.

Chemical Wedding Gifts

FullereneMost people are well aware of the traditional materials offered to married couples to celebrate their wedding anniversary. You know the kinds of thing I mean – ruby for instance is the gem of choice for a 40th anniversary, although why a chunk of chromium infested aluminium oxide should have been chosen for this year in particular I don’t know. The noble elements silver and gold are 25th and 50th respectively, while the hardest allotrope of carbon, represents the 60th celebration (diamond, that is). If you want the complete list check out our traditional wedding anniversary gifts page, but if you want something a little different, a reference for Kevlar, zeolites, buckyballs, or PVC say, take a look at our chymical wedding round-up.

A semantic chemist – fixed

RSC ProspectI recently interviewed Robert Parker, the new Managing Director of RSC Publishing, you can read his interview in the February issue of chemistry news magazine Reactive Reports in which he discusses a new approach to the publication of scientific papers, RSC Prospect, and how it will benefit readers and the scientific community at large. It would be interesting to know what users think to the RSC’s new approach to meta data and a semantic chemical web.

“We needed a meaningful way of identifying compounds uniquely and one that’s machine readable – InChI fits the bill. Similarly, CML offers us a way of structuring lots of the science within a paper to both preserve the original science and do interesting things with it, and by demonstrating some of these applications, we hope to encourage wider adoption,” Parker told me, among other things. Check out the interview for his take on Web 2.0 for chemists, blogs and wikis, and more.

Also, featuring in Issue 62 of Reactive Reports:

Potato Powered mp3 Player – Not!

Sweet potato batteryFed up with using up so many batteries? Rechargeables giving you poor mileage? Then why not try a couple of sweet potatoes instead.

In this “video tutorial”, you’ll learn how to use a couple of galvanized (zinc coated) nails, some bare copper wire, a pair of mini crocodile clips, AND two sweet potatoes, to power up your mp3 player with not a conventional battery in sight. Great video and the music’s sweet too.


The Hole – video powered by Metacafe

This appliance is, of course, closely related to the lemon battery (or more formally lemon cell) familiar to anyone who’s searched for a high school science project. Two different metallic objects dipped into a conduction solution (an electrolyte) will produce an electrochemical reaction the byproduct of which is electricity. A single lemon is usually enough to illuminate a flashlight bulb, but two sweet potatoes are apparently required for an mp3 player. Yes, it reduces the portability of your player, but just think…no more buying batteries! Of course, things might get a bit smelly as those sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) start to go off.

Scientific stereotypes

Youtube scientist bad reactionScientific stereotypes continue to persist, stretching even as far as recent Google acquisition, Youtube, the social video upload site. (Right click and view image to read it full size).

Today, Youtube had a period of allegedly scheduled downtime and to explain the lack of vids, they displayed a cartoon showing a marginally mad scientist (albeit a youngster rather than the usual aged, balding mad scientist). The scientist in question seemed malevolently preoccupied with pouring one green liquid from a test-tube into another. For what purpose we’re not told, but the caption beneath read:

“We’re busy pushing out some new concoctions and formulas We’ll be back soon…assuming all reactions are stable”

Inherent in that phrase is a fundamental lack of understanding of chemistry, of course. What, after all is a “stable reaction”, a reaction by virtue of being is anything but stable, it is intrinsically unstable, in constant flux…reacting! Perhaps they meant to say “steady reaction”, instead, a reaction can be steady, with a constant conversion of starting materials into stable products and byproducts as opposed to an explosive reaction, which one might talk about as being unsteady, or perhaps that’s what they are alluding to in using the words stable, somehow attempting to imply that reactions to their new concoctions might be unstable and lead to an extension of their scheduled downtime.

I suspect most Youtube readers will not care one ion. But, the pushing of scientific stereotypes in popular culture is a serious issue. With scientists repeatedly characterised as mad, malevolent or at best absent minded, it is difficult to see how the general public will ever reach a point at which they will understand or trust the scientific endeavour.

You can read a feature article I wrote on the subject of scientific stereotypes for the now defunct HMSBeagle webzine on BioMedNet here. Note the hopefully ironic use of a benevolent, slightly madcap, and certainly balding character as illustration.

Plos One latest

Plos One the new OA science journal, the launch of which we announced here on January 1, seems to be building up quite a head of steam, it’s almost superheated in fact (more on that via the link). There are some rather fancy paper titles on their homepage, as I write, covering some very disparate subject areas, which is what the journal needs if it is to compete in the open market with the likes of Nature, PNAS, and Science. Among the latest, at the time of writing are:

UK PubMed Central

A UK version of the free biomedical research server PubMed Central will provide free access to a permanent online archive of peer-reviewed research papers in medicine and the life sciences.

UK research funders, led by the Wellcome Trust, awarded the contract to develop UKPMC to a partnership between the British Library, The University of Manchester and the European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI).

Members of this group now require that articles describing the results of research they support are made available in UKPMC with the aim of maximising its impact. The UKPMC service will ensure that articles resulting from research paid for by any member of the funding consortium will be freely available, fully searchable and extensively linked to other online resources.

The UKPMC essentially mirrors the US PubMed Central database but as of 8th January 2007, UK scientists will also be able to submit their research outputs for inclusion in UKPMC.

Mark Walport, Director of the Wellcome Trust commented: “Medical research is not complete until the results have been communicated. The development of UKPMC provides a great opportunity for this research to be made freely available, and I am very pleased that a first class partnership of the British Library, the University of Manchester, and the European Bioinformatics Institute will be running it.”

The British Library will run the service, promote it to researchers, as well as offering support for those who want to include their research papers in UKPMC. The University of Manchester hosts the service — on servers based at MIMAS (Manchester Information and Associated Services) — and will support the process of engaging with higher-education users. EBI, which is part of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), will contribute its biomedical domain knowledge and state-of-the-art text-mining tools to integrate the research literature with the underlying bioinformatics databases.

The launch of UKPMC brings into sharp relief once again the ethical debate surrounding scholarly publication. The Wellcome Trust has insisted that authors publish research arising from its funding in open access repositories since 1st October 2006.

Writing in PLoS Biology in 2005, Robert Terry (Senior Policy Adviser at the Wellcome Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom), discussing the plans for UKPMC at the time said, “For a funder, having all its research in one format, ‘under one roof’, and searchable will improve the efficiency of strategy setting–for example, setting funding priorities–assessing the outputs of the funded research, and even gaining an insight into the impact of the work. As grants management becomes more electronic, there can be a direct link between original research proposals and the research outputs.”

According to AJ Cann on MicrobiologyBytes recently, this widely adopted funding-body policy already means “publishers are over a barrel – sign up or sign out.”

Blu-ray and HD DVD

If you’ve been worrying that either one of the high-definition video technologies – Blu-Ray or HD DVD could become the next Betamax, then worry no further. It seems that Korean company LG Electronics has come to the rescue with a dual format system that will cope with both.

It seems like an obvious idea – combine both capabilities in one machine. Why not? My DVD recorder can read and write positively and negatively and it’s not as if the new formats suffer from the differing form factor and mutually exclusivity issues as VHS tapes and Betamax tapes.

“We’ve developed the Super Multi Blue Player to end the confusion caused by the current competition between Blu-ray Disc and HD DVD. Customers are no longer forced to choose between the two formats,” explains Hee Gook Lee, president and chief technology officer of LG Electronics in a press release disseminated on January 7. “As Full HD TV is already gaining ground, we are hoping that the Super Multi Blue Player will play the trigger role in expanding and advancing both Full HD TV and high- definition DVD market volume together.”

You can read more techie details in that press release and I won’t bore you with them here, suffice to say that it’s pretty unlikely these machines will appear in the UK in the very near future, but early adopters Stateside will be able to go dual blue some time in the next couple of months.

Both high-def DVD formats were introduced in 2006 and 2007 is expected to see film studios release more of their output in these formats as more players become available. With the advent of dual-format players, the studios will not be forced to opt for an either-or scenario nor have to offer both formats in a single product package.

PLoS ONE Impact Factor

UPDATE: June 21, 2010: At last, PLoS ONE has now been given an impact factor of 4.351, which puts it into the 25th percentile of the “Biology” category.

UPDATE: June 19, 2009: ISI will publish its latest stash of impact factors on the evening of the 19th. We will hopefully find out then whether or not a PLoS ONE impact factor will be made public, and just how well it is rating relative to the traditional journals.

Until recently, online scientific journals were really just e-versions of the printed copy. Of course, we had advance publication online and ToC alerts etc, but now Public Library of Science will publish a general science journal to rival Science and Nature that covers primary research results from all areas of science. Unique to the new format is the use of both pre- and post-publication peer review, which are set to revolutionize the way the scientific literature evolves.

PLoS co-founder Harold Varmus says, ‘For those of us who have been engaged with PLoS from its conception, the launch of PLoS ONE is tremendously exciting–this is the moment when we seize the full potential of the Internet to make communication of research findings an interactive and fully accessible process that gives greater value to what we do as scientists.’

It has launched with publication of 100 peer-reviewed research articles peer-reviewed under the guidance of an extensive academic editorial board, and covering molecular science and clinical studies with topics including the evolution of language, the control of rabies, mimicry of jumping spiders, and Alzheimer’s disease.

Every article published is under an open access license, which means everyone is free to read, reuse, and build upon these research papers.

One of the key selling points is the possibility of almost instantaneous publication with virtually zero delay between submission and publication. As soon as a paper is published a dialog between author and reader is opened.

PLoS launched in “beta” in December, 2007 could see big changes in the way the scientific literature evolves.

UPDATE: 2009-06-16 Recent headlines added:

  • Open Access Publisher Under Scrutiny for Taking Sham Paper
  • Science publishing also suffers from its curmudgeons
  • What’s wrong with scholarly publishing today?
  • Merck’s Ghostwriters, Haunted Papers and Fake Elsevier Journals
  • Scholarly community gives feedback regarding Wikipedia
  • Scitable is a Social Network for Science
  • The Impact Factor Game
  • Scitable is a Social Network for Science
  • Guestimating PLoS ONE impact factor

Boxing Day Boredom and Monkey Proteins

Monkey proteinsIt’s Boxing Day and you’re probably seriously bored playing the “normal” game of Pick-up Monkeys. Rather than heading for the Wii or the PS3, how about adding a little monkey magic, or more seriously some wire binders and following Dr N. Michael Green, Division of Mathematical Biology, of the UK’s prestigious Medical Research Council (MRC) National Institute for Medical Research to do a little bit of science education with those colourful plastic monkeys.

“Pick up Monkeys’ was originally produced as a children’s game (1965) and they have proved very versatile,” Green explains, “I discovered in 1968 that they were ideal models for protein subunits, being asymmetric, having multiple interaction sites and available in several colours. This exhibition illustrates their use in modelling the geometry of multi—subunit protein structures.”

Stop monkeying around, take a look at Green’s site to get the hang [pun intended!] of proteins. It’s a great idea for a science fair project too.